Between Moralism and Virtue

There's an inherent tension in living out the Christian faith. We are confronted by our own sinfulness and sinful behavior by a God who is holy and just, who loves us, but cannot tolerate our sin/sinfulness. His solution? Send His one and only Son to be fully human while also being fully God, so that the Son may take the penalties and sinfulness of the whole world onto Himself. Through His dying, though holy and right with God on His own merit, He is resurrected to new life, and through the giving of His Holy Spirit, He invites us to into His kingdom by confessing our sinfulness, and acknowledging Him as Savior and Lord, to live our lives for Him. That's the good news, the gospel, in a nutshell.

But what does that living our lives for Him look like?

It is no obvious thing, perhaps, to point out that such a life speaks to a holistic transformation of the individual, and the community of faith to which that person is a part. The Church, as that community of faith, should not be understood as a purely institutional structure, to which the believing individual has voluntarily aligned themselves with, however. Instead, as Paul makes clear in 1 Cor. 12, the Church (local and universal) is the very body of Christ. This means that being "saved" means that we are part of Christ's body - it is ontological to our new life in Christ (that is, it is part of our being). It also means that being a part of the Church is to be and will impact our pursuit of Christ, our being like Him through the way we live. This should be a positive thing - though, in all honesty, sanctification (the transformation of a person's life toward holiness in Christ) is often not easy, is often awkward, and sometimes painful as our "old" self (our self-centeredness and its related desires) dies in order for the person Christ died for us to become, whom God created us to be.

To that end, I want to talk about the impact that this transformation has on us as believers as we live out of our transformed lives.

This, of course, speaks to how we understand that living out. Is it merely an issue of a dualistic way of living? What I mean is an inner life and a separate outer life. Or, is it a seamless approach? The outer life as an expression of one's inner life. What I invite you to consider is that 'moralism' is merely a dualistic approach, versus 'virtue' as being the seamless approach.

'Moralism', as I'm presenting it, is where the individual, and most often, the community, seeks to establish a set of agreed upon outward actions and behaviors that they believe best reflects who they understand themselves to be. At first glance, this doesn't sound all that bad. After all, Christians are called to be moral people. If God is good, then He certainly calls us to be good. Jesus tells us that no man is good, only God. Therefore, our behavior should strive to like God's - yes?

The problem with 'moralism' in general is that it is an outward-in approach to holiness. It is concerned with the image that is projected. Now, don't misunderstand me here. I'm not advocating a no-holds-barred approach to behavior - for Christians or unbelievers. But I am saying that an approach to living out our faith that puts behavior first is at best flawed, and worst, it is simply unChristian. Back in the lat 1990's/early 2000's, some company ran a marketing campaign ... 'Image is everything'. I thought it was an appropriate moniker for our culture at large. Unfortunately, I think it also seems to be how a great many Christians live out their faith. The great problem with the 'moralism' approach is that we take what Scripture says about how we are to live, and we seek to live out of those truths on our own, in our own strength and understanding. Do you see the inherent problem?

Perhaps it can only be captured by looking at 'virtue' as the seamlessness between one's inner life and their outer life. Virtues, as I want to define them, are in essence, the character traits of the very person of God, and as perfectly expressed by Jesus Christ during his earthly life. It is a life that is transformed from the inside out. Our exterior behavior is still quite important, but is less about living up to a mandated set of rules - what inevitably turns into 'legalism' - and more about, as Jesus says in Matthew 5, "letting your light shine for all to see".

Another way we may understand the power and purpose of 'virtue' is through the image of the fruit of the Spirit (love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, gentleness, self-control, goodness, and faithfulness - see Galatians 5:22-23). To put it succinctly, we are called to exhibit these fruit in our own lives. But not by merely imitating them in our own lives.

Rather, we are to manifest them. What's the difference??? Just as faith is a gift from God, through the inner working of the Holy Spirit in the life of the believer and of the Church, the manifestation of the fruit of the Spirit comes about through the Holy Spirit's working in and through the inner life of each believer. Through the Spirit's work of sanctifying the believer, the fruit is brought forth. The "old", pre-Christian self dies away, while the "new", post-Pentecost believer is brought forth. And as a result of the inner changes, through the presence and power of the Spirit, the outer self changes, too.

We take on the very character of Christ Jesus. We exhibit the 'virtues' of the Triune God of grace. We live out the law of love. Not perfectly. Remember what I mentioned earlier ... sanctification is often slow and sometimes painful ... it is often messy. But where 'legalism' and 'moralism', as exterior-oriented emphasizing living, condemn, virtue, as life in the Spirit, corrects and teaches, and most importantly, seeks to love. While this is not always done perfectly - after all, we are all humans on the journey of sanctification - we are offered the ongoing grace of God in Jesus through the Holy Spirit.

'Virtue', then, is ultimately concerned with the condition of the heart. As my wife has taught me as we've sought to parent our children well, when one of our kids does something wrong, one of our first questions to them is, "what was in your heart, that you thought that was okay to do (or say)?" We want our kids to consider what is in their hearts, especially before they do or say something. It is a question I have sought to regularly ask myself when I feel anger or angst towards something or somebody. I will give the Holy Spirit credit for bringing such a question to mind, and say that it is part of my journey of faith, through sanctification, that it feels (too often for my comfort) like I need to ask myself that question a lot. But I am comforted that in asking that question, I am drawn to look not first at my behavior, but first at my heart, the throne of my behavior. Jesus tells us that the condition of our heart will decide who we are (see Matt. 5:21ff; 6:19ff; and 9:4 as examples). 'Virtue' comes from God, while 'moralism' is our own attempts at being 'good'.

As God's people, as beneficiaries of Jesus' death and resurrection, we are called to live holy lives, transformed lives ... no longer as people in darkness and ignorance, but as people who have been changed from the inside out. By living 'virtuously', we are living from the inside-out, we are living depently on God's Spirit to do for us what only God's Spirit can do, sanctify us, make us holy as God is holy. Living this way, living God's way, then, means that we live out of the joy of God, knowing that it's not up to us to be "good", but that God is working in us. When there are struggles, we should recognize that there is sin or a sinful attitude in our hearts, one that needs to be brought before God and removed from our hearts.

While it's not the purpose of this note, this transformation comes about through the regular reading of the Word of God in the Scriptures, regular personal prayer, and regular participation in your local church. These three things work as God's tools for transformation toward the inside-out life of 'virtue'.

What do you think? How do you see this in your own life? What has God taught/shown you regarding the condition of your heart and your behavior?